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Prof. Henry Young

Professor of Anatomy
Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine
1550 College Street
 

Brief Biography:


Henry Edward Young, Ph.D. Tenured Professor of Anatomy Mercer University School of Medicine Division of Basic Medical Sciences 1550 College Street, Macon, GA 31207 (478) 301-3034 (Work) (478) 301-5489 (FAX) (478) 301-4080 (Sec) (478) 319-1983 (Cell) young.he@yahoo.com young_he@mercer.edu HIGHER EDUCATION: Ohio State University, Columbus, OH - B.S., Biology, 1974 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR - M.S., Zoology, 1977 Master's Thesis: Limb Regeneration in the Adult Salamander, Ambystoma annulatum Cope 1889 (Amphibia:Ambystomatidae). (Dr. Claudia F. Bailey, mentor) Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX - Ph.D., Anatomy, 1983 Ph.D. Thesis: A Temporal Examination of Glycoconjugates During the Initiation Phase of Limb Regeneration in Adult Ambystoma. (Dr. Roger R. Markwald, mentor) Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH - Postdoctoral Fellow, Carbohydrate Biochemistry (Dr. Arnold I. Caplan, mentor), 1983-1987 Rush Presbyterian Saint Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, IL – Instructor of Biochemistry (Dr. James Kimura, mentor), Hybridoma technology, 1987-1988. Discovered: Anti-Scarring Agent, Skeletal Muscle Morphogenetic Protein, 5 major totipotent and pluripotent stem cells Adult pluripotent germ layer lineage stem cells (GLSCs), Adult pluripotent epiblast-like stem cells (ELSCs), Adult pluripotent corona-like stem cells (CLSCs), Adult totipotent halo-like stem cells (HLSCs), Adult totipotent blastomere-like stem cells (BLSCs); their respective transitional stem cells: Adult pluripotent transitional germ layer lineage stem cells (Tr-GLSCs), Adult pluripotent transitional epiblast-like stem cells (Tr-ELSCs), Adult pluripotent transitional corona-like stem cells (Tr-CLSCs), Adult totipotent transitional halo-like stem cells (Tr-HLSCs), Adult totipotent transitional blastomere-like stem cells (Tr-BLSCs); and Adult germ layer lineage mesodermal stem cells (GL-MesoSCs). ACCOMPLISHMENTS: Research Awards (3): Sigma Xi Research Grant-in-Aid – 1981, International Certificate of Merit for Adult Limb Regeneration – 1993; International Albert Einstein Scientific Iconic Achievement Award for Adult Stem Cell Biology – 2009; Teaching Awards (3): Hooding Award – 1993, 1994; American Medical Women’s Medical Association Gender Equity Award – 1997; Special Awards (2): Humanism in Medicine Award – 2005; Inductee: Arnold P. Gold Foundation - Gold Humanism Honor Society, 2005; General Awards (67): Award for Graduate Student Teaching Excellence – 1976, Dictionary of International Bibliography, 23rd Ed. – 1995, Men of Achievement, 17th Ed. – 1996, Strathmore’s WHO's Who in Medicine and Healthcare, Marquis Publishing Co., - 1997-pres (16), The Science Advisory Board – 2001-pres (11), National Public Radio: “Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells” All Things Considered, January 24, 2002, Profiled in: “Enter the Matrix. More than just filling space, the extracellular matrix affects human health.” R. Lewis, The Scientist 18:28-29, 2004, Invited Keynote Address on Adult Stem Cells: Precursor Cells: Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Research Forum of India, Bangalore, India, 2007, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on the outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who's Who in American Education, 2007-2008!, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in American Education, 2008-2009!, Profiled In: The Times Herald, Stem Cell Research, pages 1-2, Friday, November 21, 2008, Brenda Pedrazavidamour, Brenda@newnan.com, Invited Authorship: “ICMS Stem Cell Lab Practices Guidelines”, The International Cellular Medicine Society, 2009, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in American Education, 2009-2010!, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in Medicine and Health Care, 2009-2010, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in America, 2009-2010, Madison’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in Medicine and Health Care in the 20th Century, Madison’s Who’s Who, VIP Membership: Executives and Professionals – 2009-present (4), Cambridge Who's Who among Executives, Professionals and Entrepreneurs Registry, - 2010 – present (3), American Bibliographical Institute Inc., Nomination for 2010 Man of the Year in Medicine and Healthcare – 2101, Marqui’s Who’s Who: Congratulations on outstanding achievements that have earned you a position in Who’s Who in America, 2011, Marquis Who’sWho in Science and Engineering – 2011, 2012 (2), Who’s Who in America (65th Edition) – 2011, Madison’s Who’s Who –For demonstrating exemplary achievement and distinguished contributions to the scientific community – 2010-2011, Madison’s Who’s Who – VIP Man of the Year for Excellence in Adult Stem Cell Biology 2011 – present, Advisory Board Member of WebmedCentral Anatomy Chapter – 2011- present. International Biographical Center Top 100 Scientists for 2012, Madison’s Who’s Who for 2013, Marqui’s Who’s Who for 2013. Published Manuscripts: 53; Peer-Reviewed Poster Presentations: 119; Invited Seminars: 213; Patents or Pending Patents: 40; Scientific Founder and/or R&D Consultant: 15; Presentations by Members of Laboratory: 42; Major Funding Organizations: 4. http://www2.mercer.edu/News/Articles/2005/050601medicine2.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj5zXVRfU2c&feature=channel_page http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLpkIBCWlAY&feature=channel_page https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henry_Young/publications/?page=1
 

Academic positions:


1988-1995 Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1988-Pres Director of Embryology, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1988-1993 Co-Director of Histology, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1988-1994 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1988-1989 Interim Director of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1989-1994 Assistant Director of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1995-2004 Associate Professor of Anatomy, with Tenure, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1995-Pres Adjunct Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 1995-2008 Co-Director of Gross Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 2004-Pres Full Professor of Anatomy, with Tenure, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 2004-2012 Adjunct Full Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA. 2005-2010 Co-Director of Embryology, Histology, and Gross Anatomy for MSA611 – Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesiology Program 2008-2012 Adjunct Full Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 2008-2010 Director of Gross Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 2008-2012 Adjunct Full Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Mercer University School of Medicine 2008-2010 Director of Anatomy: Cell Biology, Embryology, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Gross Anatomy for MSA611 – Certified Registered Nurse Anesthesiology Program 2008-2010 Director, Anatomy for Surgeons, MAS.B01, MUSM MS IV Elective Clerkship Program 2008-2009 Interim Director of Gross Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School, of Medicine, Macon, GA. 2009 Assistant Director of Gross Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School, of Medicine, Macon, GA. 2012-Pres Interim Director of Gross Anatomy Discipline & Gross Anatomy Laboratory, Division of Basic Medical Science, Mercer University School, of Medicine, Macon, GA.
 

Research interests:


I started studying the regeneration of tissues during limb regeneration in the adult terrestrial salamander in 1975. My thoughts were, if terrestrial salamanders can do it, why can't humans. I have spent my entire career studying this phenomenon. The bottom line answer is HUMANS CAN REGENERATE THEIR OWN DAMAGED TISSUES USING ADULT-DERIVED STEM CELLS. My research has shown that humans contain a variety of very specific precursor cells: I have isolated and/or cloned from single cells: progenitor cells, specific germ layer lineage stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, and totipotent stem cells from adult mammals, including humans. These cells individually and/or in toto have the capabilities of forming all tissues of the body, the germ cells, and the cell types within the embryonic portion of the placenta. I have also discovered that the human body knows far more about the repair process that I would hope to discover in several lifetimes. Our results have shown that the best repair we have seen in our in vivo animal studies have used the most primitive of our isolated single cell-cloned stem cells, the totipotent stem cells. My ultimate goal is to see adult-derived (totipotent and pluripotent) stem cells, either autologous or allogeneic, used to treat the various afflictions that affect human life. I am interested in the application of adult-derived (totipotent and pluripotent) stem cells for the treatment of incurable diseases and incurable traumatic injuries.
 

Any other information:


PUBLICATIONS 1. Young, H.E.: Epidermal ridge formation during limb regeneration in the adult salamander, Ambystoma annulatum. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 31:107-109, 1977. 2. Young, H.E.: Anomalies during limb regeneration in the adult salamander, Ambystoma annulatum. Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 31:110- 111, 1977. 3. Young, H.E.: Limb Regeneration in the Adult Salamander, Ambystoma annulatum Cope 1889 (Amphibia:Ambystomatidae). University of Arkansas Library Press, copyright -1977. 4. Young, H.E., Bailey, C.F., Dalley, B.K.: Environmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamander, Ambystoma. Anatomical Record, 206:289-294, 1983. 5. Young, H.E., Bailey, C.F., Dalley, B.K.: Gross morphological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma. Anatomical Record, 206:295-306, 1983. 6. Young, H.E.: A Temporal Examination of Glycoconjugates During the Initiation Phase of Limb Regeneration in Adult Ambystoma. Texas Tech University Library Press, copyright - 1983. 7. Young, H.E., Dalley, B.K., Markwald, R.R.: Identification of hyaluronate within peripheral nervous tissue matrices during limb regeneration. Edited by Coates, P.W., Markwald, R.R., Kenny, A.D., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York. In: Developing and Regenerating Vertebrate Nervous Systems, Neurology and Neurobiology, 6:175-183, 1983. 8. Young, H.E., Bailey, C.F., Markwald, R.R., Dalley, B.K.: Histological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma. Anatomical Record, 212:183-194, 1985. 9. Young, H.E., Carrino, D.A., Caplan, A.I.: Initial characterization of small proteoglycans synthesized by embryonic chick leg muscle-associated connective tissues. Connective Tissue Research, 17:99-118, 1988. 10. Young, H.E., Dalley, B.K., Markwald, R.R.: Effect of selected denervations on glycoconjugate composition and tissue morphology during the initiation phase of limb regeneration in adult Ambystoma. Anatomical Record, 223:223-230, 1989. 11. Young, H.E., Dalley, B.K., Markwald, R.R.: Glycoconjugates in normal wound tissue matrices during the initiation phase of limb regeneration in adult Ambystoma. Anatomical Record, 223:231-241, 1989. 12. Young, H.E., Young, V.E., Caplan, A.I.: Comparison of fixatives for maximal retention of glycoconjugates for autoradiography, including use of sodium sulfate to release unincorporated radiolabeled [35S]sulfate. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 37:223-228, 1989. 13. Young, H.E., Carrino, D.A., Caplan, A.I.: Histochemical analysis of newly synthesized and resident sulfated glycosaminoglycans during musculogenesis in the embryonic chick leg. Journal of Morphology, 201:85-103, 1989. 14. Young, H.E., Carrino, D.A., Caplan, A.I.: Changes in synthesis of sulfated glycoconjugates during muscle development, maturation, and aging in embryonic to senescent CBF-1 mouse. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 53:179-193, 1990. 15. Young, H.E., Morrison, D.C., Martin, J.D., and Lucas, P.A.: Cryopreservation of embryonic chick myogenic lineage-committed stem cells. Journal of Tissue Culture Methods, 13:275-284, 1991. 16. Shoptaw, J.H., Bowerman, S., Young, H.E. Young, Lucas, P.A.: Use of gelfoam as a substrate for osteogenic cells of marrow. Surgical Forum XLII:537-538, 1991. 17. Bowerman, S.G., Taylor, S.S., Putnam, L., Young, H.E., Lucas, P.A.: Transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) stimulates chondrogenesis in cultured embryonic mesenchymal cells. Surgical Forum XLII:535-536, 1991. 18. Young, H.E., Sippel, J., Putnam, L.S., Lucas, P.A., Morrison, D.C.: Enzyme-linked immuno-culture assay. Journal of Tissue Culture Methods, 14:31-36, 1992. 19. Young, H.E., Ceballos, E.M., Smith, J.C., Lucas, P.A., Morrison, D.C.: Isolation of embryonic chick myosatellite and pluripotent stem cells. Journal of Tissue Culture Methods, 14:85-92, 1992. 20. Young, H.E., Ceballos, E.M., Smith, J.C., Mancini, M.L., Wright, R.P., Ragan, B.L., Bushell, I., Lucas, P.A.: Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells reside within avian connective tissue matrices. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, 29A:723-736, 1993. 21. Pate, D.W., S.S. Southerland, D.A. Grande, H.E. Young, P.A. Lucas: Isolation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from rabbit muscle. Surgical Forum, XLIV:587-589,1993. 22. Rogers, J.J., Adkison, L.R., Black, A.C., Jr., Lucas, P.A., Young, H.E.: Differentiation factors induce expression of muscle, fat, cartilage, and bone in a clone of mouse pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. The American Surgeon 61(3):1-6, 1995. 23. Young, H.E., Mancini, M.L., Wright, R.P., Smith, J.C., Black, A.C., Jr., Reagan, C.R., Lucas, P.A. Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs. Developmental Dynamics 202:137-144, 1995. 24. Black, A.C., Jr., Goolsby, L.W., Cohen, G.A., Young, H.E. Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the hippocampal neurochemistry of albino rats at 90 days of postnatal age. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 173:514-519, 1995. 25. Lucas, P.A., Calcutt, A.F., Southerland, S.S., Warejcka, D., Young, H.E.: A population of cells resident within embryonic and newborn rat skeletal muscle is capable of differentiating into multiple mesodermal phenotypes. Wound Repair and Regeneration 3:457-468, 1995. 26. Warejcka, D.J., Harvey, R., Taylor, B.J., Young, H.E., Lucas, P.A. A population of cells isolated from rat heart capable of differentiating into several mesodermal phenotypes. J. Surg. Res. 62:233-242, 1996. 27. Lucas, P.A., Warejcka, D.J., Zhang, L-M., Newman, W.H., Young, H.E.: Effect of rat mesenchymal stem cells on the development of abdominal adhesions after surgery. J. Surg. Res. 62:229-232, 1996. 28. Lucas, P.A., Warejcka, D.J., Young, H.E., Lee, B.Y. Formation of abdominal adhesions is inhibited by antibodies to transforming growth factor-beta1. J. Surg. Res. 65:135-138, 1996. 29. Dixon, K., Murphy, R.W., Southerland, S.S., Young, H.E., Dalton, M.L., Lucas, P.A.: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins-2 and 4 (rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-4) induce several mesenchymal phenotypes in culture. Wound Repair and Regeneration 4:374-380, 1996. 30. Young, H.E., Wright, R.P., Mancini, M.L., Lucas, P.A., Reagan, C.R., Black, A.C., Jr.: Bioactive factors affect proliferation and phenotypic expression in pluripotent and progenitor mesenchymal stem cells. Wound Repair and Regeneration 6(1):65-75, 1998. 31. Young, H.E., Rogers, J.J., Adkison, L.R., Lucas, P.A., Black, A.C., Jr. Muscle morphogenetic protein induces myogenic gene expression in Swiss-3T3 cells. Wound Rep Reg 6(6):543-554, 1998. 32. Young, H.E., Steele, T., Bray, R.A., Detmer, K., Blake, L.W., Lucas, P.A., Black, A.C., Jr. Human progenitor and pluripotent cells display cell surface cluster differentiation markers CD10, CD13, CD56, CD90 and MHC Class-I. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 221:63-71, 1999. 33. Young HE. Pluripotent stem cells. Edited by M.A. Brown and S. Neufield, Cambridge Healthtech Institute Press, Newton Upper Falls, MA. In: Second Annual Symposium on Tissue Engineering / Regenerative Healing / Stem Cell Biology, 469-530, 1999. 34. Young, H.E. Stem cells and tissue engineering. In: Gene Therapy in Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine, J. Huard and F.H. Fu, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Chap. 9, pg. 143-173, 2000. 35. Young, H.E., Duplaa, C., Young, T.M., Floyd, J.A., Reeves, M.L., Davis, K.H., Mancini, G.J., Eaton, M.E., Hill, J.D., Thomas, K., Austin, T., Edwards, C., Cuzzourt, J., Parikh, A., Groom, J., Hudson, J., Black, A.C., Jr. Clonogenic analysis reveals reserve stem cells in postnatal mammals. I. Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. Anat. Rec. 263:350-360, 2001. 36. Young, H.E., Steele, T., Bray, R.A., Hudson, J., Floyd, J.A., Hawkins, K., Thomas, K., Austin, T., Edwards, C., Cuzzourt, J., Duenzl, M., Lucas, P.A., Black, A.C. Jr. Human reserve pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells are present in the connective tissues of skeletal muscle and dermis derived from fetal, adult, and geriatric donors. Anat. Rec. 264:51-62, 2001. 37. Romero-Ramos M, Vourc’h P, Young HE, Lucas PA, Wu Y, Chivatakarn O, Zaman R, Dunkelman N, El-Kalay MA, Chesselet M-F Neuronal differentiation of stem cells isolated from adult muscle. J Neurosci Res 69:894-907, 2002. 38. Young HE. Existence of reserve quiescent stem cells in adults, from amphibians to humans. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 280:71-109, 2004. 39. Young HE, Black Jr AC. Adult stem cells. Anat. Rec. 276A:75-102, 2004. 40. Young HE, Duplaa C, Romero-Ramos M, Chesselet M-F, Vourc’h P, Yost MJ, Ericson K, Terracio L, Asahara T, Masuda H, Tamura-Ninomiya S, Detmer K, Bray RA, Steele TA, Hixson D, El-Kalay M, Tobin BW, Russ RD, Horst MN, Floyd JA, Henson NL, Hawkins KC, Groom J, Parikh A, Blake L, Bland LJ, Thompson AJ, Kirincich A, Moreau C, Hudson J, Bowyer III FP, Lin TJ, Black Jr AC. Adult reserve stem cells and their potential for tissue engineering. Cell Biochem Biophys, 40(1):1-80, 2004. 41. Young HE, Duplaa C, Yost MJ, Henson NL, Floyd JA, Detmer K, Thompson AJ, Powell SW, Gamblin TC, Kizziah K, Holland BH, Boev A, Van de Water JM, Godbee DC, S. Jackson, M. Rimando, Edwards CR, Wu E, Cawley C, Edwards PD, Macgregor A, Bozof R, Thompson TM, Petro Jr GJ, Shelton HM, McCampbell BL, Mills JC, Flynt FL, Steele TA, Kearney M, Kirincich-Greathead A, Hardy W, Young PR, Amin AV, Williams RS, Horton MM, McGuinn S, Hawkins KC, Ericson K, Terracio L, Moreau C, Hixson D, Tobin BW, Hudson J, Bowyer III FP, Black Jr AC. Clonogenic analysis reveals reserve stem cells in postnatal mammals. II. Pluripotent epiblastic-like stem cells. Anat. Rec. 277A:178-203, 2004. 42. Vourc'h P, Romero-Ramos M, Chivatakarn O, Young HE, Lucas PA, El-Kalay M, Chesselet M-F. Isolation and characterization of cells with neurogenic potential from adult skeletal muscle. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 317:893-901, 2004. 43. Seruya M, Shah A, Pedrotty D, du Laney T, Melgiri R, McKee JA, Young HE, Niklason LE. Clonal Population of adult stem cells: life span and differentiation potential. Cell Transplant 13:93-101, 2004 44. Young HE and Black AC Jr. Differentiation potential of adult stem cells. In: Contemporary Endocrinology: Stem Cells in Endocrinology, L.B. Lester, ed., The Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ. Chap. 4, p. 67-92, 2005. 45. Vourc’h P, Lacar B, Mignon L, Lucas PA, Young HE, Chesselet MF. Effect of neurturin on mulitpotent cells isolated from the adult skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332:215-223, 2005. 46. Henson NL, Heaton ML, Holland BH, Hawkins KC, Rawlings B, Eanes E, Bozof R, Powell S, Grau R, Fortney J, Peebles B, Kumar D, Yoon JI, Godby K, Collins JA, Sood R, Bowyer 3rd FP, Black Jr AC, Young HE. Karyotypic analysis of adult pluripotent stem cells. Histology and Histopathology, 20: 769-784, 2005. 47. Mignon L, Vourc'h P, Romero-Ramos M, Osztermann P, Young HE, Lucas PA, Chesselet MF. Transplantation of multipotent cells extracted from adult skeletal muscles into the adult subventricular zone of adult rats. J Comp Neurol 491:96-108, 2005. 48. Young HE, Duplaa C, Katz R, Thompson T, Hawkins KC, Boev AN, Henson NL, Heaton M, Sood R, Ashley D, Stout C, Morgan JH, Uchakin PN, Rimando M, Long GF, Thomas C, Yoon JI, Park JE, Hunt DJ, Walsh NM, Davis JC, Lightner JE, Hutchings AM, Murphy ML, Boswell E, McAbee JA, Gray BM, Piskurich J, Blake L, Collins JA, Moreau C, Hixson D, Bowyer FP, Black AC Jr. Adult-derived stem cells and their potential for tissue repair and molecular medicine. J Cell Molec Med 9:753-769, 2005. 49. Young HE, Black AC Jr. Adult-derived stem cells. Minerva Biotechnologica 17:55-63, 2005. 50. Stout CL, Ashley DW, Morgan III JH, Long GF; Collins JA, Limnios JI, Lochner F, McCommon G, Hixson D, Black Jr AC, Young HE. Primitive stem cells reside in adult swine skeletal muscle and are mobilized into the peripheral blood following trauma. American Surgeon 73 (11):1106-1110, 2007. 51. ICMS Stem Cell Lab Practices Guidelines, Version 1.0. Authors: Christopher J. Centeno MD, Michelle Cheever, Wayne Marasco MD PhD, John F Wong PhD, Henry E Young PhD, 18 pgs, © 2009, The International Cellular Medicine Society. (Invited) 52. Vourc’h P, Mignon L, Lucas PA, Young HE, Chesselet MF. Cells isolated from adult skeletal muscle express markers of differentiated neurons after transplantation into the adult hippocampus. (In press). 53. Young HE and Black Jr AC. Naturally occurring adult pluripotent stem cells. In: Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, manuscript number c108, WILEY-BLACKWELL, Invited (In press), 2012.
 

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